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Curcumin's Radioprotective Effects on Zebrafish Embryos.

Gaia Pucci1,2, Gaetano Savoca3, Giuseppina Iacoviello3

  • 1Institute of Bioimaging and Complex Biological Systems (IBSBC)-National Research Council (CNR), Cefalù Secondary Site, C/da Pietrapollastra-Pisciotto, 90015 Cefalù, Italy.

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Curcumin demonstrates radioprotective effects in zebrafish larvae by reducing radiation-induced damage and malformations. This protection is linked to the activation of antioxidant gene networks, though high radiation doses can overcome this effect.

Keywords:
curcuminradiationradiomodifierradioprotectionzebrafish

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Area of Science:

  • Radiation biology
  • Molecular toxicology
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • Radiation modifiers aim to enhance the therapeutic window in radiation therapy.
  • Curcumin's antioxidant properties are known, but its low bioavailability limits its radioprotective potential in preclinical studies.
  • Zebrafish embryos offer a transparent model for studying curcumin absorption and radioprotection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate curcumin's radioprotective efficacy in zebrafish larvae.
  • To quantify curcumin absorption and assess its effects on radiation-induced damage.
  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying curcumin's radioprotective role.

Main Methods:

  • Zebrafish larvae were pre-treated with varying, non-toxic concentrations of curcumin (1-10 μM).
  • Larvae were exposed to photon beam irradiation at doses ranging from 2-15 Gy.
  • Post-irradiation analysis included mortality, malformation rates, behavioral assessments, and gene expression analysis up to 120 hours post-fertilization.

Main Results:

  • Curcumin pre-treatment at 2.5 and 5 μM significantly reduced radiation-induced embryo malformations and damage.
  • The radioprotective effect was diminished at a high radiation dose of 15 Gy.
  • Gene expression analysis revealed curcumin activates antioxidant gene networks, supporting its radioprotective function.

Conclusions:

  • Curcumin exhibits a radioprotective role in zebrafish larvae at specific concentrations.
  • Activation of antioxidant gene networks is a key mechanism for curcumin-mediated radioprotection.
  • The effectiveness of curcumin as a radioprotector is dose-dependent and can be overcome by high radiation doses.