Solid-State Synthesis for High-Tetragonality, Small-Particle Barium Titanate

This study successfully synthesized high-tetragonality barium titanate (BaTiO₃) particles with a small particle size by implementing ball milling in the solid-state synthesis of BaTiO₃ and utilizing nanoscale raw materials. This study also addressed the issues of impurities and uneven particle size distribution that could exist in the synthesized BaTiO₃ particles. The crystal structure, morphology, and particle size of the synthesized BaTiO₃ particles have been meticulously analyzed and discussed through the use of techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the laser particle size analyzer. BaTiO₃ has been successfully synthesized, exhibiting a uniform particle size with an average diameter of 170 nm and a high tetragonality value of 1.01022. This new solid-state synthesis method provided insights to avoid the impact of "size effects" during the process of electronic device miniaturization.