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Sulfur Diffusion Studies Imitating Recycled Ground-Rubber-Containing Compounds.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Incorporating recycled ground rubber (GR) into vulcanizates reduces their properties due to sulfur diffusion into GR. This study reveals sulfur migration impacts crosslink density and viscoelastic properties, affecting material performance.

Keywords:
crosslink densityground rubberindentationrecyclingsulfur diffusionviscoelasticityx-ray fluorescence

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Rubber Technology

Background:

  • Incorporation of recycled ground rubber (GR) into rubber matrices often leads to deteriorated in-rubber properties.
  • This deterioration is partly attributed to the diffusion of sulfur from the rubber matrix into the GR, reducing crosslink density.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the diffusion of sulfur in GR-containing rubber compounds.
  • To spatially correlate sulfur concentration with local viscoelastic properties.
  • To understand the impact of sulfur diffusion on crosslink density and material performance.

Main Methods:

  • Micro X-Ray Fluorescence (Micro-XRF) analysis to investigate local sulfur diffusion.
  • Micro Dynamic-Mechanical Indentation (Micro-DMI) to determine spatial viscoelastic properties.
  • Combined analysis of Micro-XRF and Micro-DMI data.

Main Results:

  • Sulfur diffusion was observed to occur over several millimeters, locally doubling sulfur concentration.
  • Significant differences in crosslink density were found at the interface between GR and the matrix material.
  • Local increases in elastic stiffness of up to 100% were observed.
  • Vulcanization characteristics of polymers were found to influence the extent of sulfur diffusion.

Conclusions:

  • Sulfur diffusion into recycled ground rubber negatively impacts the homogeneity of crosslink density in both the matrix and GR.
  • The spatial redistribution of sulfur significantly alters local viscoelastic properties, leading to performance degradation.
  • Understanding sulfur diffusion is crucial for optimizing the use of recycled rubber in vulcanizates.