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To understand shear on the flat side of a prismatic beam element, consider the vertical and horizontal shearing forces, and the normal forces, acting on the element. The element's upper (U) and lower (L) sections, which are divided by the beam's neutral axis, are examined. The equilibrium of these forces is determined by applying the equilibrium equation, which helps identify the horizontal shearing force. This force is directly related to the bending moments and the cross-section's...
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Rotating windmill array beam with adjustable wing angle.

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    Researchers developed a method to adjust windmill beam wing angles, enabling self-rotation for optical applications. This technique offers precise control for optical cropping, manipulation, and imaging.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Beam Propagation
    • Vortex Beam Manipulation

    Background:

    • Windmill beams are a class of optical beams with unique propagation characteristics.
    • Controlling beam properties like wing angle is crucial for advanced optical applications.
    • Existing methods for beam control may lack flexibility in adjusting specific parameters.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a novel method for adjusting the wing angles of windmill beams.
    • To investigate the self-rotating properties of these adjusted beams during free-space propagation.
    • To explore the potential applications of these beams in optical technologies.

    Main Methods:

    • Generating sector strengths with varying wing angles by adjusting phase parameters.
    • Utilizing an elliptical operation on a stretching vortex phase to obtain the desired beam properties.
    • Designing array windmill beams with adjustable wing angles based on ellipticity.
    • Analyzing the evolution of wing angle and self-rotating characteristics through simulations and experiments.

    Main Results:

    • Successfully generated windmill beams with adjustable wing angles.
    • Observed self-rotating properties in free-space propagation for the generated beams.
    • Demonstrated that beam wing angle is controllable via ellipticity.
    • Experimental results closely matched simulation outcomes.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed method effectively allows for the adjustment of windmill beam wing angles.
    • The adjustable windmill beams exhibit controllable self-rotating properties.
    • This technique holds promise for applications in optical cropping, manipulation, and imaging.