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Roles of Lysyl oxidases (LOX(L)) in pathologic calcification.

Elodie Faure1, Nathalie Busso1, Sonia Nasi1

  • 1Service of Rheumatology, Department of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie
|November 27, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Pathological calcification in soft tissues involves calcium crystal deposition. Lysyl oxidases (LOXL) enzymes play a key role in this process, offering potential therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
Cardiovascular calcificationLysyl oxidasesMusculoskeletal calcificationPathologic calcification

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Pathology
  • Biomaterials

Background:

  • Pathological calcification (PC) involves calcium crystal deposition in soft tissues, unlike normal bone mineralization.
  • PC contributes to tissue damage, inflammation, and biomechanical dysfunction, leading to severe health issues.
  • The exact mechanisms driving PC are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of lysyl oxidases (LOXL) in cardiovascular and musculoskeletal pathological calcification.
  • To explore the non-classical functions of LOXL enzymes in PC.
  • To identify potential therapeutic strategies targeting LOXL for PC treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating LOXL enzymes in PC.
  • Analysis of LOXL functions in cardiovascular and musculoskeletal contexts.
  • Summary of current research on LOXL inhibitors and their therapeutic potential.

Main Results:

  • LOXL enzymes are implicated in promoting deleterious pathways in PC.
  • Evidence highlights significant roles for LOXL in both cardiovascular and musculoskeletal calcification.
  • Most studies indicate detrimental functions of LOXL in PC.

Conclusions:

  • LOXL enzymes are critical players in pathological calcification.
  • Targeting LOXL offers a promising therapeutic avenue for PC.
  • Therapeutic strategies must differentiate between pathological and physiological roles of LOXL to avoid impacting bone health.