Exercise Training Counteracts Compromised Mitochondrial Capacity Induced by Energy Restriction in Prediabetics in a
Magni Mohr1,2, Jerónimo Aragón Vela3, May-Britt Skoradal1
1Centre of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Faroe Islands, Tórshavn, Faroe Islands.
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
|November 28, 2024
Summary
Exercise training prevents mitochondrial dysfunction caused by calorie restriction in older adults with prediabetes and metabolic syndrome. This intervention preserves skeletal muscle function, particularly in women.
Area of Science:
- Exercise Physiology
- Metabolic Health
- Aging Research
Background:
- Prediabetes and metabolic syndrome are associated with impaired skeletal muscle mitochondrial function.
- Energy restriction, while beneficial for weight loss, can exacerbate mitochondrial dysfunction.
- Understanding interventions that preserve mitochondrial capacity in aging populations is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate if exercise training can counteract energy restriction-induced impairment of skeletal muscle mitochondrial capacity.
- To explore the impact of sex on the effectiveness of exercise training in this context.
- To assess changes in key mitochondrial enzymes and muscle glycogen.
Main Methods:
- A 16-week randomized controlled trial involving 50 sedentary adults (55-70 years) with prediabetes and metabolic syndrome.
- Participants were assigned to either exercise training plus dietary advice (EX-DI) or dietary advice only (DI).
- Maximal activity and protein abundance of mitochondrial enzymes (CS, HAD, SOD2) and muscle glycogen were measured pre- and post-intervention.
Main Results:
- Dietary advice alone (DI) significantly impaired citrate synthase (CS) and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HAD) maximal activity and SOD2/CS protein expression.
- Exercise training combined with dietary advice (EX-DI) prevented these impairments.
- Men, but not women, showed a decrease in maximal CS activity in both groups.
Conclusions:
- Sixteen weeks of exercise training effectively counteracts energy restriction-induced impairment of skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in older adults with prediabetes and metabolic syndrome.
- Exercise is a vital component in preserving mitochondrial health during weight loss interventions in this demographic.
- Sex-specific differences in response were observed, with men exhibiting greater susceptibility to mitochondrial decline.
Related Concept Videos
01:27Exercise and Muscle Performance
1.3K
Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
1.3K
01:20Exercise and Cardiovascular Response
737
Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
737