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Are Diabetes Prevention Programs Reaching Those Most at Risk? A Scoping Review
Cara E Johnston1, Megan M MacPherson1, Mary E Jung1
1School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada.
Canadian Journal of Diabetes
|December 1, 2024
Summary
Lifestyle diabetes prevention programs effectively reduce type 2 diabetes risk, but often exclude diverse groups. This review identifies tailored programs and offers strategies to improve reach and access for all populations at high risk.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Preventive Medicine
- Health Disparities
Background:
- Lifestyle diabetes prevention programs (DPPs) are proven effective in reducing type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk.
- Previous reviews focused on predominantly White populations, overlooking T2D's disproportionate impact on diverse ethnic groups.
- There is a critical need to understand and improve DPPs for underrepresented populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and summarize existing tailored DPPs for ethnically diverse populations.
- To provide actionable recommendations for enhancing the accessibility and reach of DPPs among diverse, high-risk groups.
- To address the gap in T2D prevention research concerning ethnic minorities.
Main Methods:
- This study is a subanalysis of a larger scoping review on DPPs.
- Searched multiple databases for studies on T2D risk and lifestyle interventions.
- Systematically extracted study characteristics using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist.
Main Results:
- Out of 220 programs in the larger review, only 64 (29%) specifically served ethnically diverse populations.
- An additional 10 programs targeting diverse groups were identified.
- Of the tailored programs, 35% reported specific strategies, with 62% focusing on culturally appropriate content and context.
Conclusions:
- Tailoring DPP content and delivery is crucial for engaging diverse, underresourced populations.
- Recommendations are provided for program developers to increase access and reach.
- Improving DPP implementation can lead to better health outcomes and T2D reduction in high-risk individuals.
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