An Integrative Review of Exclusive Breast Milk Expression

Area of Science:

• Human Lactation Research
• Infant Feeding Practices
• Public Health

Background:

• Exclusive breastmilk expression is increasingly common for infant feeding.
• Families require accurate information and support from healthcare providers.
• This feeding method necessitates specific guidance for optimal infant nutrition.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the prevalence, characteristics, practices, and outcomes of exclusive breastmilk expression.
• To synthesize current research on feeding exclusively expressed human milk.
• To identify gaps in knowledge and support for families using this method.

Main Methods:

• Integrative review of 5 electronic databases (CINAHL, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science) and reference lists.
• Filtered studies published between 2012-2022, focusing on human, English-language academic journals.
• Utilized Covidence for screening and Johns Hopkins Research Evidence Appraisal Tool for quality assessment.

Main Results:

• Twenty-seven studies revealed most families intended direct breastfeeding but switched due to difficulties.
• Inconsistent healthcare advice and knowledge deficits were common; social media offered more support.
• Exclusive expression is most prevalent in Asian countries and NICUs, with shorter feeding durations and higher cessation rates.

Conclusions:

• Distinguishing feeding method from milk type is crucial for accurate research and clinical guidance.
• Clinicians should encourage families and provide consistent, evidence-based information.
• Exclusive expression of human milk is a viable alternative when direct breastfeeding is not possible.