Vestibular Syncope and Acute Peripheral Vestibular Deficit: A Case Report

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Otolaryngology
• Cardiology

Background:

• Vestibular syncope is a poorly defined condition linking vertigo and syncope.
• Existing definitions are confused by associations with various vestibular and neurological disorders.
• Vasodepressive vasovagal syncope is a distinct condition often diagnosed via tilt testing.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the relationship between peripheral vestibular deficits and syncopal episodes.
• To evaluate the efficacy of vestibular treatment in patients with co-existing vasovagal syncope.
• To clarify the diagnostic criteria for vestibular syncope.

Main Methods:

• A case study of a 75-year-old woman with diagnosed vasodepressive vasovagal syncope.
• Audiological and vestibular assessment revealing an acute unilateral peripheral vestibular deficit.
• Treatment involved vestibular rehabilitation, with follow-up tilt testing.

Main Results:

• The patient presented with vasodepressive vasovagal syncope and a right-sided peripheral vestibular deficit.
• Following vestibular treatment and rehabilitation, vasovagal symptoms resolved completely.
• Post-treatment tilt testing normalized, indicating resolution of syncopal episodes.

Conclusions:

• Peripheral vestibular deficits can precipitate syncopal episodes, including vasovagal syncope.
• Comprehensive audiological and vestibular evaluations are crucial for diagnosing such cases.
• Restoration of peripheral vestibular function can lead to long-term resolution of syncopal episodes.