Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
Published on: November 11, 2013
Borates vs. aluminates: comparing the anion for lithium-ion batteries
Darren M C Ould1,2, Megan E Penrod1,2, Jessica B McConnell1,2
1Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
New lithium salts with hexafluoroisopropoxy ligands were synthesized for lithium-ion batteries. Lithium aluminate salts showed better cycling performance and lower overpotentials in copper-lithium cells.
Area of Science:
- Electrochemistry
- Materials Science
Background:
- Lithium-ion batteries require stable electrolytes for efficient energy storage.
- Hexafluoroisopropoxy ligands offer potential for novel electrolyte development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize and investigate novel lithium borate and aluminate salts with hexafluoroisopropoxy ligands.
- To evaluate their performance in lithium-ion battery applications and copper-lithium (Cu‖Li) cells.
Main Methods:
- Synthesis of lithium borate and aluminate salts incorporating the hexafluoroisopropoxy ligand.
- Electrochemical testing in lithium-ion battery configurations and Cu‖Li cells.
Main Results:
- Lithium aluminate salts exhibited poorer air tolerance compared to borate counterparts.
- The specific salt Li[Al(hfip)4] demonstrated superior battery cycling performance.
- Lower overpotentials for lithium plating and stripping were observed in Cu‖Li cells using Li[Al(hfip)4].
Conclusions:
- Lithium aluminate salts with hexafluoroisopropoxy ligands are promising for battery applications.
- Li[Al(hfip)4] offers enhanced cycling stability and efficiency in electrochemical cells.
- Further research into air-stable variants could improve their widespread applicability.
Related Concept Videos
Hydroboration-Oxidation of Alkenes
Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer
Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Reduction
Catalytic hydrogenation is similar to the reduction of an alkene or alkyne by adding H2 across the pi bond in the presence of transition metal catalysts like Raney Ni, Pd–C, Pt, or Ru. Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced by this method, often under mild to moderate heat (25–100°C) and...
Alkali Metals
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals
Acid Halides to Alcohols: LiAlH4 Reduction
The mechanism proceeds in three steps. First, the nucleophilic hydride ion attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acid halide to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Next, the carbonyl group is re-formed, and the halide ion departs as a leaving group, generating an aldehyde. A second nucleophilic attack by the hydride yields an alkoxide ion, which, upon protonation, gives a primary alcohol as...

