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Related Concept Videos

Phosphorylation01:02

Phosphorylation

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The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 6, 2025

Assessment of Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors by an Interrogation of Signal Transduction Pathways by Antibody Arrays
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Oxidative modifications control aberrant tyrosine kinase activity.

Paul Schulan1, Kristian Wende1, Thomas von Woedtke1,2

  • 1ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Strasse 2, Greifswald 17489, Germany.

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Cancer therapy resistance may be linked to excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the tumor microenvironment (TME). This study used gas plasma to show ROS can reduce tyrosine kinase (TK) activity by causing oxidative modifications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Therapy resistance in cancer is a significant clinical challenge, often linked to the tumor microenvironment (TME).
  • The TME frequently exhibits elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can modify proteins crucial for cancer therapy, like tyrosine kinases (TKs).
  • Understanding ROS-induced protein modifications in the TME is limited due to the difficulty in replicating complex ROS conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model pro-oxidative TME conditions using gas plasma technology.
  • To investigate the functional impact of ROS on key therapeutic targets, specifically three tyrosine kinases (TKs).
  • To identify and quantify oxidative post-translational modifications (oxPTMs) on TKs induced by ROS.

Main Methods:

  • Gas plasma was employed to generate high concentrations of multiple ROS types, simulating TME conditions.
  • Three clinically relevant TKs (EGFR, SRC, VEGFR2) were exposed to gas plasma in liquid solutions.
  • High-resolution mass spectrometry was used to analyze plasma-treated TKs for oxPTMs, with an in-house database for identification.

Main Results:

  • Exposure to gas plasma resulted in a significant reduction in TK activity.
  • Mass spectrometry identified numerous oxPTMs on TKs, particularly on sulfur-containing and aromatic amino acid residues.
  • Oxidation occurred at functionally important sites, including the ATP-binding pocket and regions targeted by TK inhibitors.

Conclusions:

  • Gas plasma effectively mimics TME pro-oxidative conditions and induces significant oxPTMs on TKs.
  • ROS-induced modifications can impair TK function by altering critical structural and catalytic residues.
  • These findings suggest that elevated ROS levels in the TME may contribute to reduced TK activity and therapy resistance.