Mimickers of hydroxychloroquine retinal toxicity

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinal toxicity is an important entity that can be challenging to differentiate from its mimickers. Bull's eye maculopathy is the classical presentation of HCQ retinopathy; however, its differential includes several drug-related retinal toxicities, inherited retinal disorders, and systemic conditions with associated retinopathies. Given the similarities in clinical presentation, imaging findings, and other diagnostic data, it can be quite challenging for all but the retina specialists to successfully identify retinal toxicity from HCQ. This review summarises HCQ retinopathy and its mimickers of with a special emphasis on key clinical and ancillary distinctions that can help comprehensive ophthalmologists and primary care offices in clenching this diagnosis.