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Cancer vaccines: Target antigens, vaccine platforms and preclinical models

Francesca Ruzzi1, Federica Riccardo2, Laura Conti2

  • 1Laboratory of Immunology and Biology of Metastasis, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy.

Molecular Aspects of Medicine
|December 4, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Cancer vaccines show promise for preventing tumors, building on success against viral cancers. Future efforts focus on preventing non-viral tumors and treating early lesions using advanced vaccine technologies.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Preventive cancer vaccines have succeeded against human papillomavirus (HPV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated cancers.
  • The next frontier is extending cancer vaccines to non-viral tumors and early neoplastic lesions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of preventive cancer vaccination strategies.
  • To analyze key aspects including antigen selection, vaccine platforms, and preclinical testing models.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research in cancer vaccine development.
  • Analysis of target antigens, vaccine technologies, and preclinical models.
  • Discussion of challenges and future directions in the field.

Main Results:

  • Highlights the potential of cancer vaccines to revolutionize tumor prevention.
  • Identifies critical factors for successful vaccine development, including antigen choice and platform technology.
  • Emphasizes the importance of diverse preclinical models for testing efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Cancer vaccines hold significant promise for preventing and treating various cancers.
  • Further research into novel antigens, advanced platforms, and robust preclinical testing is crucial.
  • Expanding vaccine application to non-viral tumors and early lesions is a key future goal.

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