Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

z Scores and Area Under the Curve

z Scores and Area Under the Curve

z scores are the standardized values obtained after converting a normal distribution into a standard normal distribution. A z score is measured in units of the standard deviation. The z score tells you how many standard deviations the value x is above (to the right of) or below (to the left of) the mean, μ. Values of x that are larger than the mean have positive z scores, and values of x that are smaller than the mean have negative z scores. If x equals the mean, then x has a z score of...

Introduction to z Scores

Introduction to z Scores

A z score (or standardized value) is measured in units of the standard deviation. It indicates how many standard deviations the value x is above (to the right of) or below (to the left of) the mean, μ. Values of x that are larger than the mean have positive z scores, and values of x that are smaller than the mean have negative z scores. If x equals the mean, then x has a zero z score. It is important to note that the mean of the z scores is zero, and the standard deviation is one.
z scores...

z Scores and Unusual Values

z Scores and Unusual Values

The z score is one of the three measures of relative standing. It describes the location of a value in a dataset relative to the mean. z scores are obtained after the standardization of the values in a dataset. The z score for the mean is 0.
This score indicates how far a value is from the mean in terms of standard deviation. For example, if a data value has a z score of +1, the researcher can infer that the particular data value is one standard deviation above the mean. If another data...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Injury Severity Influences Long-Term Cognitive Control in Pediatric "Mild" Traumatic Brain Injury.

Human brain mapping·2026

Same author

Reliable quantification of renal function from frozen blood samples.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026

Same author

Reduced Cerebral Blood Flow in the Early Chronic Phase of Recurrent Concussion Among Female Collegiate-Aged Athletes.

Human brain mapping·2026

Same author

EXPRESS: Oscillating Hypercapnia Induces Neural Abundant Protein Efflux and Potential Depletion in Health and Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury.

Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·2026

Same author

Development and usability of a mobile ecological momentary assessment platform for dietary surveillance in the U.S.

The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity·2026

Same author

Center and Geographic Variability in Acceptance of the First Donor Heart by Race.

Circulation. Heart failure·2026

Same journal

Urinary Tract Infection Exaggerates Cognitive Deficits and Region-Specific Neuroinflammation Following Traumatic Brain Injury.

Journal of neurotrauma·2026

Same journal

Fall Risk and Physical/Occupational Therapy Referral Patterns in Older Adults with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Journal of neurotrauma·2026

Same journal

The Effects of High-Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury on the Heart Transcriptome.

Journal of neurotrauma·2026

Same journal

Rigor and Transparency in Two Neurotrauma-Publishing Journals: Editorial Policies Improve Transparent Reporting.

Journal of neurotrauma·2026

Same journal

Neuroimaging and Fluid-Based Biomarkers in Sport-Related Concussion in Female Athletes: A Scoping Review.

Journal of neurotrauma·2026

Same journal

Transcranial Photobiomodulation Promotes Neurological Resilience in Current Collegiate American Football Players Exposed to Repetitive Head Acceleration Events.

Journal of neurotrauma·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Identification of Disease-related Spatial Covariance Patterns using Neuroimaging Data

Identification of Disease-related Spatial Covariance Patterns using Neuroimaging Data

Published on: June 26, 2013

Revisiting Subject-Specific Analyses in Neuroimaging Data Using "Z-Score" Methods

Andrew R Mayer^1,2,3,4, Andrew B Dodd¹, Josef M Ling¹

¹The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.

Journal of Neurotrauma

|December 5, 2024

Summary

No abstract available in PubMed .

More Related Videos

Meta-analysis of Voxel-Based Neuroimaging Studies using Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images SDM-PSI

Meta-analysis of Voxel-Based Neuroimaging Studies using Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images SDM-PSI

Published on: November 27, 2019

Basics of Multivariate Analysis in Neuroimaging Data

Basics of Multivariate Analysis in Neuroimaging Data

Published on: July 24, 2010

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 5, 2025

Identification of Disease-related Spatial Covariance Patterns using Neuroimaging Data

Identification of Disease-related Spatial Covariance Patterns using Neuroimaging Data

Published on: June 26, 2013

Meta-analysis of Voxel-Based Neuroimaging Studies using Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images SDM-PSI

Meta-analysis of Voxel-Based Neuroimaging Studies using Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images SDM-PSI

Published on: November 27, 2019

Basics of Multivariate Analysis in Neuroimaging Data

Basics of Multivariate Analysis in Neuroimaging Data

Published on: July 24, 2010