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Guest inclusion by native cyclodextrins in solid state and solutions: A review.
Askar K Gatiatulin1, Marat A Ziganshin1, Valery V Gorbatchuk1
1Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya str., Kazan 420008, Russia.
This review explores cyclodextrin (CD) inclusion complex formation in solid states, differing from aqueous methods. It highlights phase transitions and factors like guest size and water competition in solid-state complexation.
Area of Science:
- Physical Chemistry
- Materials Science
Background:
- Cyclodextrin (CD) inclusion complex preparation often occurs in solid, low-water systems.
- Classical aqueous complexation models do not fully describe solid-state processes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review solid-state guest inclusion by native cyclodextrins.
- To compare solid-state complexation with aqueous complexation mechanisms.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of solid-state phase transitions in CD complex formation.
- Thermodynamic analysis of aqueous complexation using activity scales.
Main Results:
- Solid-state guest inclusion involves phase transitions and interplay of size exclusion, co-activation, and guest-water competition.
- Aqueous complexation is influenced by hydrophobic effects, guest shape, and water energetics.
Conclusions:
- Solid-state cyclodextrin complexation requires distinct analytical approaches.
- Understanding structure-property relationships is key for both solid and aqueous systems.
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