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Comparing Four Caring Theories for Application in Iran.

Hadi Ahmadi Chenari1, Hasan Forouzanfar2, Behnam Barzgar3

  • 1Department of Nursing, Ferdows School of Allied medicine and Public Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.

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This study compares four nursing theories on caring for application in Iran. It critiques these theories using Meleis

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Irancaring science modelsnursing

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Area of Science:

  • Nursing
  • Caring Theories
  • Iranian Nursing Context

Background:

  • Nursing theories provide frameworks for understanding and practicing nursing.
  • The concept of caring is central to nursing but requires theoretical grounding.
  • There is a need to explore the applicability of established caring theories within the Iranian healthcare system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare and critique four prominent nursing theories that define nursing as caring.
  • To evaluate the suitability of these theories for the Iranian nursing context.
  • To contribute to the discourse on advancing caring-based nursing in Iran.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Meleis' theory evaluation model, comprising description, analysis, criticism, testing, and support phases.
  • Systematically reviewed and analyzed Jean Watson's theory of human caring, Katie Eriksson's theory of caritative caring, Kari Martinsen's philosophy of caring, and Boykin and Schoenhofer's theory of nursing as caring.
  • Applied the model to assess each theory's relevance and potential for integration into Iranian nursing practice.

Main Results:

  • Detailed descriptions and analyses of the four selected caring theories were presented.
  • Critical evaluations highlighted the strengths and limitations of each theory in relation to the Iranian context.
  • The study identified areas where these theories could be adapted or directly applied to enhance nursing care in Iran.

Conclusions:

  • The comparison and critique provide a foundation for selecting and adapting caring theories for Iranian nurses.
  • Further research and dialogue are needed to fully integrate caring theories into Iranian nursing education and practice.
  • This work supports the ongoing effort to advance the philosophy and practice of nursing as caring within Iran.