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Related Concept Videos

Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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A reduction-oxidation reaction is commonly called a redox reaction. In a redox reaction, electrons are transferred from one species to another rather than being shared between or among atoms. The reducing agent or reductant is the species that loses electrons and gets oxidized in the process. The species that gains electrons and gets reduced in the process is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Redox reactions are represented as two separate equations called half-reactions, where one equation...
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Updated: Jun 5, 2025

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Beyond conventional structures: emerging complex metal oxides for efficient oxygen and hydrogen electrocatalysis.

Yinlong Zhu1, Zheng Tang1, Lingjie Yuan1

  • 1Institute for Frontier Science, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China. zhuyl1989@nuaa.edu.cn.

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|December 11, 2024
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Complex metal oxides are emerging as cost-effective electrocatalysts for crucial clean energy reactions like oxygen reduction, oxygen evolution, and hydrogen evolution. This review details their synthesis, properties, and applications in fuel cells and batteries.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Conversion

Background:

  • Clean energy technologies rely on electrocatalysis for oxygen reduction (ORR), oxygen evolution (OER), and hydrogen evolution (HER).
  • Cost-effective electrocatalysts are essential for improving the efficiency of fuel cells, water electrolyzers, and metal-air batteries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the progress of complex metal oxides in ORR, OER, and HER electrocatalysis.
  • To highlight the unique properties and synthesis methods of complex metal oxides for enhanced electrocatalytic activity.
  • To discuss structure-property-performance relationships and device applications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of complex metal oxides for electrocatalysis.
  • Analysis of synthesis strategies and structural characterization.
  • Discussion of performance promotion and device applications.

Main Results:

  • Complex metal oxides exhibit promising electrocatalytic activities due to their unique structures and properties.
  • Various complex oxide structures, including perovskites, pyrochlores, and phosphates, are effective for ORR, OER, and HER.
  • Designed strategies significantly enhance the performance of these materials.

Conclusions:

  • Complex metal oxides are vital for advancing clean energy technologies.
  • Further research is needed to overcome challenges and optimize catalyst design.
  • This review provides insights into future research trends for novel electrocatalysts.