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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

40.5K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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The YSK Olfactory Function Test: Development of a New Korean Olfactory Test.

Hyung-Ju Cho1,2, Jong Gyun Ha1, Chang-Hoon Kim1,2,3,4

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Journal of Rhinology : Official Journal of the Korean Rhinologic Society
|December 12, 2024
PubMed
Summary

A new Korean olfactory function test (YOF test) offers a culturally sensitive approach to assessing smell. This validated test uses safe odorants and provides reliable diagnostic cut-offs for olfactory dysfunction.

Keywords:
CultureOdorantsSmell

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Otorhinolaryngology

Background:

  • Olfactory function is crucial for quality of life and linked to various diseases.
  • Assessing olfactory function requires culturally relevant methods.
  • Existing tests may not adequately address cultural nuances in specific populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and describe the development of a new Korean culture-friendly olfactory function test, the YSK olfactory function test (YOF test).
  • To highlight the YOF test's use of safe odorants and culturally relevant identification markers.
  • To establish diagnostic criteria for olfactory dysfunction using the YOF test.

Main Methods:

  • Development of the YSK olfactory function test (YOF test) tailored for the Korean population.
  • Utilized phenyl-ethyl alcohol (PEA) as a safe odorant for threshold testing.
  • Incorporated odorants representing eight major chemical functional groups for identification testing.

Main Results:

  • Established diagnostic cut-off scores: TDI ≤14.5 for anosmia and 14.5
  • The YOF test demonstrated relevant diagnostic validity for olfactory dysfunction.
  • Validated against the Korean version of the Sniffin' Stick-II test.

Conclusions:

  • The YOF test is a culturally adapted and valid tool for assessing olfactory function in the Korean population.
  • The test provides reliable diagnostic criteria for anosmia and hyposmia.
  • This development addresses the need for culturally sensitive olfactory assessment tools.