Recent advances in the study of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated pneumonia

Immunotherapy has emerged as a powerful tool in cancer treatment, achieving remarkable success in combating various cancers. However, it also raises concerns due to its potential adverse effects, with immune-associated pneumonia being one of the most significant. The clinical symptoms of this condition primarily include dyspnea, persistent cough, and fever. Diagnosis requires knowledge of the patient's medication history and diagnostic tools like chest CT and bronchoalveolar lavage bronchoscopy to differentiate immune-associated pneumonia from other lung diseases. Studies suggest that the pathogenesis of CIP involves an immune response characterized by overexpression of T-lymphocyte subsets and elevated levels of inflammatory factors. The prevalence of CIP generally ranges between 2 % and 6 %, though it can vary depending on factors like the patient's individual characteristics, tumor type, and treatment strategy. Corticosteroids are the first-line treatment for CIP, with dosage adjustments based on clinical response. Additionally, traditional Chinese medicine is being explored as an adjuvant therapy to potentially enhance therapeutic outcomes.