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Global guidance for local generalization in model checking.

Hari Govind Vediramana Krishnan1, YuTing Chen2, Sharon Shoham3

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON Canada.

Formal Methods in System Design
|December 16, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We introduce global guidance into IC3-style model checking for infinite state systems. This approach significantly enhances verification effectiveness by mitigating limitations of local reasoning, outperforming existing methods.

Keywords:
Automatic program verificationConstrained horn clausesInterpolationModel checking

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Area of Science:

  • Formal methods
  • Computer science
  • Software engineering

Background:

  • SMT-based model checkers, particularly IC3-style algorithms, are leading techniques for verifying infinite state systems.
  • These methods infer global inductive invariants using local reasoning on transition relations, enhanced by SMT procedures like interpolation.
  • However, reliance on SMT solver heuristics can compromise model checking stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically address the limitations of local reasoning in SMT-based model checking.
  • To introduce explicit global guidance into the local reasoning of IC3-style algorithms.
  • To improve the stability and effectiveness of infinite state system verification.

Main Methods:

  • Extension of the SMT-IC3 paradigm with three novel rules for global guidance.
  • Instantiation of these rules for Linear Integer Arithmetic and Linear Rational Arithmetic.
  • Implementation of the enhanced algorithm, GSpacer, on top of the Spacer solver within Z3.

Main Results:

  • GSpacer demonstrates significantly improved effectiveness compared to the original Spacer algorithm.
  • The enhanced method also surpasses the performance of solely global reasoning approaches.
  • GSpacer exhibits insensitivity to interpolation, a common factor affecting SMT solver performance.

Conclusions:

  • Explicit global guidance is a systematic and effective way to overcome locality limitations in SMT-based model checking.
  • GSpacer offers a more robust and efficient solution for verifying infinite state systems.
  • The proposed method enhances verification stability and performance by reducing reliance on SMT solver-specific heuristics.