Link between respiratory microbiota and asthma: an emerging therapeutic approach

The respiratory microbiota significantly influence the onset and progression of asthma, as underscored by recent studies revealing discernible differences between asthma patients and healthy individuals. This review delves into the relationship between respiratory microbiota and asthma, with a particular emphasis on possible therapeutic targets and emerging treatments. Existing research is thoroughly synthesized, illuminating the association between microbial communities and the incidence of asthma. In addition to antibiotic therapy, attention is directed towards modulating the immune balance within the respiratory microbiota as a promising therapeutic approach. Specifically, the role of immunomodulators targeting key immune pathways, such as interleukins and cytokines implicated in asthma pathogenesis, is examined. Furthermore, the regulation of the gut-lung axis is explored, highlighting the significance of the gut microbiota in shaping systemic immune responses and respiratory health. Moreover, the potential of immune cell modulation as a therapeutic avenue is explored, focusing on targeting specific immune cell populations involved in asthma pathophysiology. Future research directions and challenges are also addressed, underscoring the need for a deeper understanding of the intricate interplay between respiratory microbiota and the pathogenesis of asthma.