A Novel Normalized Quantitative Real-Time PCR Approach for Ensuring Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) Meat Authenticity...

Area of Science:

• Food Science
• Molecular Biology
• Genetics

Background:

• Roe deer meat is a valuable game product in Europe, but its accurate labeling in processed foods is a concern.
• Ensuring the authenticity of game meat is crucial for consumer trust and regulatory compliance.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and validate a reliable quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) method for detecting and quantifying roe deer DNA in food products.
• To assess the accuracy of roe deer content labeling in commercialized game meat products across Europe.

Main Methods:

• A TaqMan probe-based qPCR assay was designed targeting a single-copy gene (ASIP) in roe deer DNA.
• The assay utilized the normalized ∆Cq approach for quantification, with a limit of detection of 0.04 ng DNA and a limit of quantification of 0.05% (w/w).
• The method was validated using blind samples and applied to 46 market samples from Poland, Portugal, France, and Spain.

Main Results:

• The developed qPCR method demonstrated high specificity for roe deer identification.
• Analysis of 46 market samples revealed significant discrepancies between declared and actual roe deer content in all labeled products.
• A combined analysis with previous red deer data indicated that 61% of samples were mislabeled or adulterated, involving species substitution and undeclared ingredients.

Conclusions:

• The developed qPCR assay is an effective tool for the accurate authentication of roe deer meat in food.
• This method can be routinely used in food inspection to ensure accurate labeling and prevent fraudulent practices in the game meat industry.
• The study highlights widespread issues with game meat labeling, emphasizing the need for robust analytical methods for verification.