Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control01:24

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control

76
Phase-lead controllers are commonly used in various control systems to enhance response speed and stability. Adjusting the brightness on a television screen offers a practical example of phase-lead control. When contrast is enhanced, a phase-lead controller is employed. Mathematically, phase-lead control is identified when the first parameter is smaller than the second.
The design of phase-lead control involves the strategic placement of poles and zeros to balance steady-state error and system...
76
Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers01:22

Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers

156
Understanding the working function of different types of controllers can be illustrated with practical analogies, such as adjusting a stereo's volume equalizer. Cranking up the bass involves a phase-lead controller, which functions as a high-pass filter, while increasing the treble uses a phase-lag controller, which acts as a low-pass filter. PD controllers, similar to high-pass filters, enhance the system's response to high-frequency components. PI controllers, akin to low-pass...
156
Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control01:21

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control

85
Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
Phase-lag controllers do not place a pole at zero, but instead influence the steady-state error by amplifying any...
85
Time-Domain Interpretation of PD Control01:07

Time-Domain Interpretation of PD Control

83
Proportional-Derivative (PD) control is a widely used control method in various engineering systems to enhance stability and performance. In a system with only proportional control, common issues include high maximum overshoot and oscillation, observed in both the error signal and its rate of change. This behavior can be divided into three distinct phases: initial overshoot, subsequent undershoot, and gradual stabilization.
Consider the example of control of motor torque. Initially, a positive...
83
Linear time-invariant Systems01:23

Linear time-invariant Systems

211
A system is linear if it displays the characteristics of homogeneity and additivity, together termed the superposition property. This principle is fundamental in all linear systems. Linear time-invariant (LTI) systems include systems with linear elements and constant parameters.
The input-output behavior of an LTI system can be fully defined by its response to an impulsive excitation at its input. Once this impulse response is known, the system's reaction to any other input can be...
211
Properties of DTFT I01:24

Properties of DTFT I

356
In signal processing, Discrete-Time Fourier Transforms (DTFTs) play a critical role in analyzing discrete-time signals in the frequency domain. Various properties of the DTFTs such as linearity, time-shifting, frequency-shifting, time reversal, conjugation, and time scaling help understand and manipulate these signals for different applications.
The linearity property of DTFTs is fundamental. If two discrete-time signals are multiplied by constants a and b respectively, and then combined to...
356

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sensors Based on Optical and Photonic Devices.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Satellite Constellation Optimization for Emitter Geolocalization Missions Based on Angle of Arrival Techniques.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

i-PHAOS: An Overview with an Open-Source Collaborative Database on Miniaturized Integrated Spectrometers.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2024
Same author

Modeling Study of Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Waveguides on a Sapphire Platform for Photonic Integration Applications.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2024
Same author

Feature Papers in Optical Sensors 2022.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2023
Same author

Potentiometric Chloride Ion Biosensor for Cystic Fibrosis Diagnosis and Management: Modeling and Design.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2025

Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments
05:19

Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments

Published on: November 12, 2019

7.0K

Phase-Change-Material-Based True Time-Delay System.

Rahuldas Kutteeri1, Martino De Carlo1, Francesco De Leonardis1

  • 1Photonics Research Group, Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Politecnico di Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 17, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a tunable true time-delay (TTD) system for microwave phased-array antennas (MPAA). It uses phase-change materials (PCMs) with Bragg gratings (BGs) for efficient, low-power beam steering.

Keywords:
Bragg grating resonatorsmicrowave photonicsphase-changing materialstrue time delay

More Related Videos

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
00:07

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

8.4K
Real-Time DC-dynamic Biasing Method for Switching Time Improvement in Severely Underdamped Fringing-field Electrostatic MEMS Actuators
11:44

Real-Time DC-dynamic Biasing Method for Switching Time Improvement in Severely Underdamped Fringing-field Electrostatic MEMS Actuators

Published on: August 15, 2014

10.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2025

Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments
05:19

Using Neuron Spiking Activity to Trigger Closed-Loop Stimuli in Neurophysiological Experiments

Published on: November 12, 2019

7.0K
A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference
00:07

A Photonic System for Generating Unconditional Polarization-Entangled Photons Based on Multiple Quantum Interference

Published on: September 5, 2019

8.4K
Real-Time DC-dynamic Biasing Method for Switching Time Improvement in Severely Underdamped Fringing-field Electrostatic MEMS Actuators
11:44

Real-Time DC-dynamic Biasing Method for Switching Time Improvement in Severely Underdamped Fringing-field Electrostatic MEMS Actuators

Published on: August 15, 2014

10.3K

Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Optical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Antenna Technology

Background:

  • Microwave phased-array antennas (MPAA) require precise beam steering.
  • True time-delay (TTD) systems are crucial for wide-angle beam steering.
  • Existing TTD systems can be complex and power-intensive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a compact, low-power, non-volatile, and highly tunable TTD system.
  • To integrate phase-change materials (PCMs) with Bragg gratings (BGs) and phase-shifted Bragg grating resonators (CPSBGRs).
  • To enable programmable on/off reflection for delay line realization.

Main Methods:

  • Designing programmable on/off reflectors by utilizing the phase transition of PCMs within BGs/CPSBGRs.
  • Constructing delay lines by cascading multiple programmable reflectors.
  • Achieving the TTD system by incorporating multiple delay lines.
  • Conducting numerical simulations and parametric analyses at 1550 nm and 1550.6 nm.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated the feasibility of a tunable TTD system using PCM-integrated BGs/CPSBGRs.
  • Showcased programmable on/off reflector functionality for beam steering applications.
  • Verified system performance through numerical simulations and parametric analyses.
  • Achieved a compact and low-power TTD system design.

Conclusions:

  • The integration of PCMs with BGs/CPSBGRs is effective for creating tunable TTD systems.
  • This approach offers a high-performance, less complex solution for MPAA beam steering.
  • The proposed system is non-volatile and highly tunable, meeting key design goals.