Next-generation air filtration nanotechnology for improved indoor air quality

Indoor air quality (IAQ) significantly affects human health, with pollutants such as organic, inorganic substances, and biological contaminants contributing to various respiratory, neurological, and immunological diseases. In this review, we highlighted the need for advanced air filtration technologies to mitigate these pollutants, which are emitted from household products, building materials, combustion processes, and bioaerosols. While traditional HVAC systems and mechanical filtration methods have been effective, they are often energy-intensive and limited in their ability to capture specific pollutants. To address these limitations, nanotechnology-based air filtration technologies, particularly those utilizing electrospinning processes, offer promising alternatives. This review classifies pollutants and details the working principles of next-generation filters, focusing on passive, self-powered, and externally powered mechanisms. These advanced filters achieve high filtration efficiency with minimal pressure drop, enhanced pollutant capture, and in some cases, health monitoring capabilities. This review emphasizes the significance of ongoing research into eco-friendly and sustainable filtration systems to enhance IAQ and minimize health risks linked to long-term exposure to indoor air pollutants.