Subjective cognitive complaints and future risk of dementia and cognitive impairment, which matters most

Many older adults report subjective cognitive decline (SCD); however, the specific types of complaints most strongly associated with early disease detection remain unclear. This study examines which complaints from the Everyday Cognition Scales (ECog) are associated with progression from normal cognition to mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/dementia. 415 older adults were monitored annually for 5 years, on average. Cox proportional hazards models assessed associations between ECog complaints and progression to MCI/dementia. Follow-up models included depression as a covariate. Numerous Memory (5 items), Language (3 items), Visuospatial (1 item), Planning (2 items), and Organization (1 item) complaints were associated with diagnostic progression. After covarying for depression, remembering appointments and understanding spoken instructions remained significant predictors of diagnostic progression. While previous work has focused largely on memory-based SCD complaints, the current findings support a wider assessment of complaints may be useful in identifying those at risk for a neurodegenerative disease.