Editorial: The usual suspects and beyond - decontextualization as explanation for the suboptimal uptake of parenting...

Although parenting interventions are recommended by major clinical guidelines for managing children's behavioral challenges, including ADHD, their uptake in clinical practice remains limited. Building on the contributions of Hodson et al. and Nijboer et al. in the current issue of this journal, we here explore solutions to enhance this uptake. We first summarize the usual suspects: solutions that could be implemented in our current mental healthcare systems. Digital and brief interventions could remove obstacles that are often experienced with traditional parenting interventions, and nudges inspired by behavioral economic theories can help remove dynamic, time-varying barriers experienced by parents that may arise during the course of the intervention. We then zoom out and present a paradigmatic challenge. The current narrative surrounding behavioral problems like ADHD is predominantly biomedical, which tends to elevate expectations for treatments such as medication while simultaneously diminishing confidence in parenting interventions. From this perspective, it is unsurprising that engagement issues arise when a context-focused intervention such as parent training is proposed as a solution to a decontextualized problem like ADHD. Adopting a truly balanced biopsychosocial-societal perspective on behavioral problems like ADHD would better reflect their complex and heterogeneous etiology, and would broaden the scope for interventions, such as parenting programs, that focus on optimizing children's contextual environments.