Simultaneous mainstream-sidestream smoke exposure systems I. Equipment and procedures

Equipment and procedures for the simultaneous exposure of cell cultures and rodents to mainstream and sidestream smoke are described. Whole smoke or the gas phase of smoke can be generated and manipulated under a wide range of conditions. Identical smoke can be used for the exposure of cell cultures, perfused lungs, and for the exposure of experimental animals. The equipment is relatively inexpensive, and can be used by a small laboratory for efficient, controlled smoke exposure studies. Total particulate matter data are used to illustrate the flexibility of smoke generation, manipulation, and dose variables which can be obtained with the exposure systems.