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Structural heart disease in the tropics: A comprehensive review
Elisa Elisa1, Bramantono Bramantono2, Muhammad Vitanata Arfijanto2
1Internal Medicine Study Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60132, Indonesia; Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia.
Current Problems in Cardiology
|December 20, 2024
Summary
Structural heart disease (SHD) in the tropics is a major health issue, often caused by infections. This review synthesizes evidence to improve care for these complex cardiac conditions.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Tropical Medicine
- Public Health
Background:
- Structural heart disease (SHD) disproportionately affects tropical regions due to infectious diseases and limited healthcare.
- Conditions like rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and HIV-associated cardiac disease (HIVAC) are prevalent.
- Endemic infections complicate SHD, increasing morbidity and mortality.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of SHD in tropical regions.
- To focus on valvular, myocardial, and pericardial diseases linked to tropical infections.
- To inform research, clinical care, and public health strategies.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of existing evidence.
- Examination of epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation.
- Exploration of diagnostic challenges and advancements.
Main Results:
- Detailed examination of RHD, endocarditis, Chagas disease, and HIVAC.
- Highlighting less recognized tropical cardiomyopathies and pericardial disorders.
- Discussion of diagnostic tools and public health interventions.
Conclusions:
- Significant gaps exist in research and clinical focus on tropical SHD.
- A synthesized evidence base is crucial for guiding future efforts.
- Tailored prevention and management strategies are needed for resource-constrained settings.
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