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Sublingual Immunotherapy as an Alternative to Induce Protection Against Acute Respiratory Infections
Published on: August 30, 2014
Annual SZ: An Alternative Immunotherapy for COVID-19 and Long COVID
Fatemeh Heidari1, Faranak Farahighasreaboonasr2, Zuhair Mohammad Hassan1
1Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract:
Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in late 2019 and early 2020, the identification of drugs to control severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and its symptoms has been a pressing focus of research. Cytokine storm and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are the leading causes of mortality following infection. In this review, we discuss immune pathogenesis and four medications, including Remdesivir, Tocilizumab, Dexamethasone, and Annual SZ for COVID-19. A comparison of the effectiveness and therapeutic usage of drugs as reported in clinical trials and reports was made at different disease levels as well. Clinical studies indicate that Annual SZ with mild side effects was more affordable and might be more effective than other medications. Additionally, Annual SZ was capable of reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as viral attachment and RNA replication.
Insights
This review examines COVID-19 treatments, focusing on Annual SZ. Clinical studies suggest Annual SZ is an affordable and effective option for managing coronavirus disease 2019 symptoms.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in late 2019, necessitating urgent therapeutic strategies.
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection poses significant global health challenges.
- Cytokine storm and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are primary drivers of COVID-19 mortality.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the immune pathogenesis of COVID-19.
- To compare the efficacy and therapeutic applications of four key medications: Remdesivir, Tocilizumab, Dexamethasone, and Annual SZ.
- To evaluate drug performance across different COVID-19 disease severities.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of clinical trials and reports on COVID-19 therapeutics.
- Comparative analysis of drug effectiveness, side effects, and cost.
- Assessment of impact on pro-inflammatory cytokines, viral attachment, and RNA replication.
Main Results:
- Annual SZ demonstrated potential for mild side effects, affordability, and effectiveness compared to other treatments.
- Annual SZ was shown to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine levels.
- The drug also exhibited capabilities in decreasing viral attachment and RNA replication.
Conclusions:
- Annual SZ presents a promising therapeutic option for COVID-19 management.
- Its favorable profile regarding side effects, cost, and efficacy warrants further consideration.
- Targeting cytokine storm and viral replication are key therapeutic strategies for severe COVID-19.
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