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Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

2.7K
Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
2.7K
Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane01:33

Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane

2.1K
Carboxylic acids react with diazomethane in an ether solvent via alkylation at the carboxylate oxygen atom to give methyl esters of the corresponding acid with excellent yields.
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Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions01:20

Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions

1.8K
Arenediazonium substitution reactions occur when the diazonium group is substituted by various functional groups such as halides, hydroxyl, nitrile, etc. For instance, arenediazonium salts react with copper(I) salts of chloride, bromide, or cyanide to form corresponding aryl chlorides, bromides, and nitriles. These reactions are named Sandmeyer reactions. Although the mechanism of this reaction is complicated, as illustrated in Figure 1, they are believed to progress via an aryl copper...
1.8K
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism01:37

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism

3.7K
Nitrous acid is a relatively weak and unstable acid prepared in situ by the reaction of sodium nitrite and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. In an acidic solution, the nitrous acid undergoes protonation when it loses water to form a nitrosonium ion—an electrophile. Nitrous acid reacts with primary amines to give diazonium salts. The reaction is called diazotization of primary amines.
3.7K
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview01:26

1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview

3.2K
Nitrous acid and nitric acids are two types of acids containing nitrogen, among which nitrous acid is weaker than nitric acid. Nitrous acid with a pKa value of 3.37 ionizes in water to give a nitrite ion and the hydronium ion.
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by...
3.2K
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic SN101:14

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Aryldiazonium Salts: Aromatic SN1

2.1K
Treating arylamines with nitrous acid gives aryldiazonium salts that are effective substrates in nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions. The diazonio group in these salts can be easily displaced by different nucleophiles, yielding a wide variety of substituted benzenes. The leaving group departs as nitrogen gas, and this easy elimination is the driving force for the substitution reaction.
In the Sandmeyer reaction, for example, the diazonio group is replaced by a chloro, bromo,...
2.1K

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Updated: Jun 4, 2025

Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors
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Modification and Functionalization of the Guanidine Group by Tailor-made Precursors

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(1H-Benzo-diazol-2-ylmeth-yl)di-ethyl-amine.

Themmila Khamrang1, A Kannan2, Madhukar Hemamalini3

  • 1Department of Chemistry Dhanamanjuri University, Manipur 795 001 India.

Iucrdata
|December 23, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals molecular self-assembly in C12H17N3 crystals through hydrogen bonds, forming chains along the c-axis. Disorder in an ethyl group was also observed and quantified.

Keywords:
benzimidazolecrystal structurehydrogen bonding

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Area of Science:

  • Crystallography
  • Materials Science
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding molecular interactions is key to designing new materials.
  • Crystal structure analysis provides insights into intermolecular forces.
  • Hydrogen bonding plays a crucial role in molecular self-assembly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the crystal structure of the title compound, C12H17N3.
  • To investigate the intermolecular interactions and their role in crystal packing.
  • To characterize any observed structural disorder.

Main Methods:

  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction was employed to analyze the crystal structure.
  • Hydrogen bonding networks were identified and analyzed.
  • Disorder in the ethyl group was modeled and refined.

Main Results:

  • The crystal structure of C12H17N3 was successfully determined.
  • N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds were found to link molecules into C(4) chains along the c-axis.
  • One ethyl group exhibited positional disorder with a refined occupancy ratio of 0.582:0.418.

Conclusions:

  • The crystal structure is stabilized by a specific hydrogen bonding motif.
  • The observed disorder in the ethyl group provides information about molecular flexibility.
  • This study contributes to the understanding of structure-property relationships in organic crystals.