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Rift Valley Fever outbreaks in the East African Community: insights from ProMed data (2010-2024).
Pacifique Ndishimye1,2,3, Therese Umuhoza2,3,4, Brigitte Umutoni1,2
1Epidemic Response Laboratory, Research and Innovation Centre, African Institute for Mathematical Sciences (AIMS), Kigali, Rwanda.
Frontiers in Public Health
|December 26, 2024
Summary
Rift Valley Fever (RVF) outbreaks are frequent in East Africa, affecting humans and livestock. Enhanced surveillance and control measures are crucial to combat this zoonotic disease.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is a significant mosquito-borne zoonotic disease impacting humans and livestock in Africa and beyond.
- The disease poses a substantial threat, necessitating a deeper understanding of its epidemiological patterns.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the spatial and temporal distribution and trends of RVF outbreaks in East African Community (EAC) countries.
- To provide insights into the patterns and progression of RVF outbreaks in the region.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of outbreak events reported in the Program for Monitoring Emerging Diseases (ProMed) from 2010 to 2024.
- Systematic tabulation and review of RVF outbreak characteristics, locations, trends, and spatial-temporal distribution across six EAC countries.
Main Results:
- 67 RVF outbreaks were documented in Uganda, Rwanda, Kenya, Tanzania, Burundi, and South Sudan between 2010 and 2024.
- Outbreaks affected both animal and human populations, with confirmed cases and fatalities. The highest incidence was in 2018, with increased cases in May and June.
- Interventions included movement restrictions, vaccinations, awareness campaigns, enhanced surveillance, and treatment.
Conclusions:
- Recurrent and widespread RVF outbreaks in East Africa demand increased investment in research, surveillance, prevention, and control.
- Strengthening regional efforts is vital to mitigate the impact of this zoonotic threat.
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