A Comprehensive Review of Treatment Plans for Marginal Enamel Fractures in Anterior Teeth

Marginal enamel fractures (MEF) are a common clinical concern in dentistry, particularly in anterior teeth. These fractures occur at the enamel margins and their etiopathogenesis involves a complex interplay of mechanical, chemical, and biological factors. The ongoing research focuses on an overview of MEF to improve the knowledge about this condition. Understanding the multifaceted nature of MEF is crucial for devising effective preventive and therapeutic strategies in contemporary restorative dentistry. Indeed, mechanical stresses, such as occlusal forces and parafunctional habits are primary contributors for MEF. Additionally, it can happen at the enamel-restoration interface due to expansion and contraction of restorative materials. Chemical degradation, including acid erosion and the breakdown of adhesive bonds, further exacerbates the vulnerability of enamel. Biological factors, such as enamel composition and the presence of micro-cracks also play a role in the development of MEF. Clinical management of MEF involves subtractive or additive techniques, repairing or replacing the compromised tooth structure using techniques to ensure the integration with the natural enamel.