Sequential Bone Repair in Rabbit Sinus Lifts Using Bio-Oss and Hyaluronic Acid-Polynucleotide Gel (Regenfast)

A comprehensive investigation to associate the use of polynucleotides and hyaluronic acid with bovine bone in maxillary sinus lift procedures in rabbits has not been performed yet. The aim was to evaluate the influence of this novel association on the processes of bone regeneration in maxillary sinus augmentation.

In this prospective, randomized, within-animal model, maxillary sinus augmentation was performed bilaterally in 12 rabbits. Deproteinized bovine bone material (DBBM) was used as filler material. A hyaluronic acid-polynucleotide gel was aggregated at the test site. Histological evaluations were performed after 2 and 10 weeks of healing.

After 2 weeks of healing, similar amounts of new bone were observed at both the control (7.7 ± 4.3%) and test sites (8.1 ± 3.8%; p = 0.697). Bone formation was observed predominantly along the osteotomy margins and adjacent sinus walls. After 10 weeks of healing, the total new bone fraction reached 28.0 ± 10.1% at the control sites and 27.3 ± 10.5% at the test sites (p = 0.563). Multiple perforations of the sinus mucosa were observed in both groups when in contact with the biomaterial granules.

The present study failed to demonstrate a positive effect on bone formation when incorporating hyaluronic acid-polynucleotide gel (Regenfast) into a xenograft for maxillary sinus augmentation. Additionally, the use of this gel did not mitigate the occurrence of thinned mucosa or reduce the risk of subsequent sinus mucosa perforation.