Demoralization: A concept analysis through a scoping review methodology

Area of Science:

• Clinical Psychology
• Psychiatry
• Nursing Research

Background:

• Demoralization is a complex clinical construct requiring clear definition and specification.
• Increased interest in demoralization necessitates a robust scientific foundation for research and interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To conduct a concept analysis of demoralization.
• To define its antecedents, attributes, consequences, and empirical referents in health contexts.

Main Methods:

• Scoping review utilizing Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines and Walker and Avant framework.
• Comprehensive search of major electronic databases and grey literature up to September 2024.

Main Results:

• 106 articles reviewed, identifying antecedents like illness and low social support.
• Key attributes include dysphoria, hopelessness, and loss of meaning.
• Consequences encompass poor quality of life, depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation.

Conclusions:

• This review clarifies the clinical definition of demoralization, differentiating it from common language and other emotional symptoms.
• Identified attributes are vital for health assessments and guiding early patient care.
• Interventions should target demoralization's antecedents and consequences.