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Related Concept Videos

Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
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Nervous Tissue: Myelin01:25

Nervous Tissue: Myelin

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The myelin sheath is a multilayered lipid and protein covering that insulates the axon of a neuron, enhancing the speed of nerve impulse conduction. Axons without this sheath are referred to as unmyelinated. Two types of neuroglia, Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) are responsible for producing myelin sheaths.
Schwann cells begin to form myelin sheaths around axons during fetal development. They wrap around a small...
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Nervous Tissue: Glial Cells01:31

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Glia, or neuroglia, are vital support cells that assist neurons in their functions. The term "glia" originates from the Greek word for "glue," reflecting their role in holding the nervous system together. These cells can be categorized into six types: four in the central nervous system (CNS) and two in the peripheral nervous system (PNS).
The CNS glial cell includes the astrocytes, the oligodendrocytes, the microglia, and the ependymal cells.
Astrocytes are star-shaped glial...
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Classification of Neurotransmitters01:30

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Neurotransmitters play a crucial role in the communication between neurons in the autonomic nervous system. Neurons in the autonomic nervous system can be cholinergic or adrenergic depending on the neurotransmitters synthesized. Cholinergic neurons use acetylcholine as their primary neurotransmitter. This includes all the preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic and pre- and postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous systems. In addition, neurons of the somatic nervous system also use...
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Neuron Structure01:30

Neuron Structure

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Neurons are the main type of cell in the nervous system that generate and transmit electrochemical signals. They primarily communicate with each other using neurotransmitters at specific junctions called synapses. Neurons come in many shapes that often relate to their function, but most share three main structures: an axon and dendrites that extend out from a cell body.
Structure and Function of Neurons
The neuronal cell body—the soma— houses the nucleus and organelles vital to...
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Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

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Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2025

Analysis of Translation in the Developing Mouse Brain using Polysome Profiling
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Analysis of Translation in the Developing Mouse Brain using Polysome Profiling

Published on: May 22, 2021

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Profiling translation in the nervous system.

Toshiharu Ichinose1,2, Hiromu Tanimoto2

  • 1Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Aramaki-Aoba 6-3, 980-8578, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.

Journal of Biochemistry
|January 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores genome-wide translation profiling techniques, focusing on cell-type-specific analysis in the nervous system. It covers methods like polysome-profiling-seq, TRAP-seq, and Ribo-seq for understanding neural circuit plasticity.

Keywords:
Ribo-seqTRAP-seqnervous systempolysome-profiling-seqtranslatome

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In vivo Interrogation of Central Nervous System Translatome by Polyribosome Fractionation
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Profiling Voltage-gated Potassium Channel mRNA Expression in Nigral Neurons using Single-cell RT-PCR Techniques
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In vivo Interrogation of Central Nervous System Translatome by Polyribosome Fractionation
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Profiling Voltage-gated Potassium Channel mRNA Expression in Nigral Neurons using Single-cell RT-PCR Techniques
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Translational regulation is crucial for nervous system function, impacting proteome formation and neural plasticity.
  • Understanding the translatome, the complete set of translated proteins, is less advanced than the transcriptome.
  • New tools are emerging for analyzing translation on a genome-wide scale.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review techniques for genome-wide translation profiling.
  • To emphasize cell-type-specific analyses within the nervous system.
  • To discuss advancements in spatial resolution of translatome analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Polysome-profiling-seq
  • Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification (TRAP)-seq
  • Ribosome profiling (Ribo-seq)
  • Genetic labeling and cell sorting for spatial resolution

Main Results:

  • The review details established and emerging methods for translatome profiling.
  • It highlights the application of these techniques in the context of the nervous system.
  • Recent advances enabling spatial resolution of translation are discussed.

Conclusions:

  • Translational control is vital for brain function and neural circuit dynamics.
  • The discussed techniques offer powerful approaches to study the translatome.
  • Future research can leverage these methods to further elucidate translational regulation in the brain.