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This summary is machine-generated.

Cell sorting in mixtures of extensile and contractile cells is driven by active nematic stresses. Contractile forces promote sorting, while extensile forces can disrupt it by increasing cell motility and neighbor exchanges.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Soft matter physics
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Cellular collectives exhibit complex behaviors like phase separation.
  • Active nematic stresses play a crucial role in tissue dynamics.
  • Understanding cell sorting mechanisms is vital for developmental biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of extensile and contractile cell activities in phase separation.
  • To elucidate the impact of active nematic stresses on cell sorting.
  • To model the dynamics of mixed cell populations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a vertex model for cell simulation.
  • Incorporated active nematic stresses into the model.
  • Analyzed phase separation dynamics and cell sorting extent.

Main Results:

  • Observed spontaneous phase separation between extensile and contractile cells.
  • Phase separation strengthened monotonically with increased contractile activity.
  • Extensile activity showed a nonmonotonic effect, reducing sorting at high magnitudes.
  • Identified cell motility and neighbor exchanges as key mechanisms influenced by extensile activity.

Conclusions:

  • Active nematic stresses govern cell sorting in mixed populations.
  • Contractile activity promotes sorting, while extensile activity can hinder it by inducing motility.
  • The interplay between cell contractility and extensibility dictates tissue organization.