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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2025

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals

Published on: January 5, 2016

Inflammatory Monocytes Increase Prior to Detectable HIV-1 Rebound Viremia.

Anna Farrell-Sherman^1,2, Natalia de la Force¹, Cecila Prator³

¹Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, WA 98109.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology

|January 7, 2025

Summary

Early immune changes, including increased antiviral gene expression in monocytes, precede HIV-1 viral rebound after treatment cessation. Identifying these signals can help prolong remission and potentially cure HIV-1.

Keywords:

HIV rebound HIV-1 analytical treatment interruption innate immune sensing monocyte activation

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Last Updated: Jun 3, 2025

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals

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Published on: January 5, 2016

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Published on: December 16, 2019

Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models

Chronic, Acute, and Reactivated HIV Infection in Humanized Immunodeficient Mouse Models

Published on: December 3, 2019

Area of Science:

Immunology
Virology
Genomics

Background:

Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) proviruses persist in latent reservoirs, enabling viral rebound upon treatment interruption.
Understanding the immune response to viral reactivation is crucial for developing effective HIV-1 cure strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize the immune response preceding and during HIV-1 viral rebound after treatment cessation.
To identify early biomarkers of viral reactivation.

Main Methods:

Plasma proteomics and single-cell transcriptomics of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were analyzed.
Samples were collected before, during, and after detectable plasma viremia.

Main Results:

Unique transcriptional signatures were observed in PBMCs prior to viral rebound.
A significant increase in CD16++ monocytes with enhanced antiviral gene expression was detected before rebound.
Inflammatory proteins were identified in plasma following detectable viral rebound.

Conclusions:

Early detection of immune changes, such as specific monocyte activation, may predict imminent HIV-1 viral rebound.
These findings can inform strategies to manage treatment interruptions and advance HIV-1 cure research.