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Induced Electric Dipoles

Induced Electric Dipoles

A permanent electric dipole orients itself along an external electric field. This rotation can be quantified by defining the potential energy because the external torque does work in rotating it. Then, the potential energy is minimum at the parallel configuration and maximum at the antiparallel configuration. While the former is a stable equilibrium, the latter is an unstable equilibrium.
Since the absolute value of potential energy holds no physical meaning, its zero value can be chosen as per...

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High-Performance CP Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna Fed by Printed Ridge Gap Waveguide at Millimeter-Wave.

Zahra Mousavirazi¹, Mohamed Mamdouh M Ali², Peyman PourMohammadi¹

¹Centre-Energie Materiaux et Telecommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Montreal, QC H5A 1K6, Canada.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|January 8, 2025

Summary

This study introduces a high-performance circularly polarized (CP) antenna for 5G/6G millimeter-wave (mm-wave) communications. The novel design achieves wide bandwidths and high gain, crucial for next-generation wireless systems.

Keywords:

5G and 6G applications circular polarization (CP)magneto-electric (ME) dipole millimeter-wave (mm-wave)printed ridge gap waveguide (PRGW)wideband

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Area of Science:

Electromagnetics and Wave Propagation
Antenna Theory and Design
Wireless Communication Systems

Background:

Millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequencies are crucial for next-generation wireless technologies like 5G and 6G.
Circularly polarized (CP) antennas offer advantages in mitigating polarization mismatch and multipath fading.
Printed ridge gap waveguides (PRGW) provide a low-loss platform for high-frequency applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To design and validate a high-performance circularly polarized (CP) magneto-electric (ME) dipole antenna.
To optimize the antenna for wideband operation in the millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequency range.
To evaluate the antenna's suitability for advanced wireless communication systems.

Main Methods:

The antenna utilizes a transverse slot excitation within a printed ridge gap waveguide (PRGW) operating in a quasi-transverse electromagnetic (Q-TEM) mode.
The design is fabricated on a low-loss, cost-effective Rogers RT 3003 substrate.
Key performance metrics including impedance bandwidth, axial ratio (AR) bandwidth, gain, and cross-polarization levels are analyzed and experimentally verified.

Main Results:

The antenna achieved a wide impedance bandwidth of 31% (25.24-34.50 GHz).
A significant axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 24.9% (26.40-33.91 GHz) was obtained.
The antenna demonstrated a peak gain of 8.4 dBic with high cross-polarization suppression.

Conclusions:

The developed CP ME dipole antenna exhibits excellent wideband performance at mm-wave frequencies.
The antenna's characteristics make it a strong candidate for 5G and 6G wireless communication systems.
Experimental validation confirms the high-performance capabilities for demanding wireless applications.