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Related Concept Videos

The Retinoblastoma Gene01:20

The Retinoblastoma Gene

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Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 3, 2025

Role of Diffusion MRI Tractography in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery
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Brain MRI Screening for Bilateral Retinoblastoma Patients.

Ronald Hershcovici1, Shahar Frenkel1,2, Gal Goldstein3

  • 1Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.

Seminars in Ophthalmology
|January 8, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Routine brain MRI screening for trilateral retinoblastoma (TRB) in bilateral retinoblastoma patients may be sufficient. This approach avoids anesthesia and unnecessary interventions without significantly impacting survival rates.

Keywords:
Brain MRIhereditary retinoblastomapinealoblastomascreeningtrilateral retinoblastoma

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Neuro-oncology

Background:

  • Trilateral retinoblastoma (TRB) is a rare, fatal intracranial neoplasm associated with heritable retinoblastoma.
  • Routine brain imaging screening for TRB is debated regarding its impact on survival and the number-needed-to-treat.
  • Ocular oncology centers commonly screen retinoblastoma patients via brain imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of a recommended screening schedule (baseline brain imaging followed by clinical need-based imaging) on the survival of bilateral retinoblastoma patients.
  • To determine if routine screening brain imaging prolongs TRB patients' survival.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective observational study of 109 bilateral retinoblastoma patients diagnosed between 1986 and 2020.
  • Data collected included demographics, clinical features, systemic evaluation, treatment, follow-up, and outcomes.
  • Analysis of baseline and follow-up brain imaging (MRI/CT) and survival data.

Main Results:

  • Of 109 patients, 53% had baseline brain imaging, all within normal limits.
  • During a median follow-up of 138 months, one patient (0.9%) developed symptomatic TRB and is disease-free.
  • Eight patients (7.3%) expired due to retinoblastoma-related causes; six developed metastatic disease.

Conclusions:

  • Routine baseline brain MRI screening for TRB may be adequate, potentially avoiding anesthesia, costs, and distress without compromising survival.
  • Periodic brain MRI until age 3 remains a viable option due to TRB's fatality and treatment morbidity.