Selective colorimetric detection of carbosulfan based on its hydrolysis behavior and Ti₃C₂/AuPt nanozyme

Carbosulfan (CBS) is a widely used carbamate pesticide in agricultural production, its easy decomposition into hypertoxic carbofuran poses serious threats to human health and food safety. Therefore, sensitive and accurate detection of CBS is of significant importance. Conventional chromatography-based techniques require expensive instruments and complicated sample pretreatment, limiting their application for fast detection. Current electrochemical and colorimetric methods for detection of pesticides based on the cascade catalytic reactions between acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and nanozymes, which exhibit inferior selectivity. Hence, selective, sensitive and fast detection of CBS is still challenging.

In this work, an AChE-free colorimetric method was proposed for selective detection of CBS based on its unique hydrolysis behavior and nanozyme. Ti₃C₂ nanosheets/AuPt nanoparticles (Ti₃C₂/AuPt NPs) with enhanced peroxidase-like activity were prepared via one-step self-reduction reaction. CBS can be hydrolyzed under acidic condition and produce -SH moieties, which could bond to Pt atoms of Ti₃C₂/AuPt NPs and shield the active sites of nanozyme, resulting in decreased catalytic activity. Based on the inhibitory effect on the peroxidase-like activity of Ti₃C₂/AuPt NPs, a colorimetric method was proposed for direct detection of CBS. Under optimal conditions, the method showed wide linear range (0.5 ng mL^-1-5 μg mL^-1), low limit of detection (0.342 nM), good selectivity and anti-interference ability. The feasibility of this method for practical use was confirmed by analysis of CBS in real lake water samples.

This work proposed a simple colorimetric method for selective and fast detection of CBS, which avoided employing AChE and cascade catalytic reactions, significantly lowering the detection cost and improving detection efficiency. The method showed great potential for accurate detection of CBS in actual samples, and provided a new avenue for developing nanozyme-based colorimetric method for detection of other pesticide residues.