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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

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Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
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Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

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Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...
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The Roles of MicroRNAs in the Regulation of Rice-Pathogen Interactions.

Yanfeng Jia1, Kai Wei1, Jiawang Qin1

  • 1Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rice microRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of plant immunity against major pathogens like Magnaporthe oryzae, Xanthomonas oryzae, and Rhizoctonia solani. Understanding osa-miRNA functions aids in developing disease-resistant rice varieties.

Keywords:
Magnaporthe oryzaeRhizoctonia solaniXanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzaemicroRNAsrice

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Molecular Biology
  • Agricultural Science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Rice faces significant threats from pathogens Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae), Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), and Rhizoctonia solani (R. solani), impacting food security.
  • Plants, including rice, possess intricate molecular mechanisms to defend against diverse pathogens.
  • Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators of gene expression and have emerged as key players in plant-pathogen interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent advancements in understanding microRNA-mediated immune signaling in rice.
  • To elucidate the functions and molecular mechanisms of osa-miRNAs in rice immunity against specific pathogens.
  • To highlight the role of osa-miRNAs in rice responses to M. oryzae, Xoo, and R. solani.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on rice immunity and microRNA regulation.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying osa-miRNA-mediated gene expression modulation (post-transcriptional and transcriptional).
  • Focus on osa-miRNA responses to specific rice pathogens: M. oryzae, Xoo, and R. solani.

Main Results:

  • Osa-miRNAs regulate target gene expression via mRNA cleavage, translational inhibition, and potentially DNA methylation.
  • Specific osa-miRNAs have been identified that play critical roles in rice defense against M. oryzae, Xoo, and R. solani.
  • These miRNAs are integral components of rice immune signaling pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Osa-miRNAs are vital for coordinating rice immunity against major agricultural pathogens.
  • Further research into osa-miRNA functions can lead to the development of novel strategies for breeding disease-resistant rice.
  • Understanding these molecular mechanisms is essential for enhancing rice crop resilience and global food security.