Development and Applications in Intelligent Sports of Hydrogel-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators

As an emerging self-powered technology, triboelectric nanogenerators have the characteristics of a simple structure, high conversion efficiency, diverse material selection, and stable output. Hydrogels have the advantages of flexibility, extensibility, and shape adaptability, which means that hydrogel-based triboelectric nanogenerators (H-TENGs) have high flexibility, self-healing abilities, conductivity, and fatigue resistance. They can still operate normally in scenarios involving bending, pressing, stretching, and folding. H-TENGs offer a method of versatile and sustainable innovation in sports monitoring. This review elucidates the working principles and modes of H-TENGs, examines H-TENG characteristics that are relevant to intelligent sports, and summarizes their applications in this field. This paper concludes with a discussion on the development and applications of H-TENGs in intelligent sports.