Dietary Salt-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors of New Zealand Adults Aged 18-65 Years

To explore dietary salt-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of New Zealand (NZ) adults aged 18-65 years and assess differences by demographic subgroups.

Cross-sectional online survey conducted between June 1, 2018 and August 31, 2018.

Participants were recruited in shopping malls, via social media, and a market research panel.

English-speaking adults residing in NZ.

An amended version of The Pan American and World Health Organization Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors standardized survey tool was used. Demographic data (age, sex, ethnicity, and educational attainment) were also collected.

Descriptive statistics reported. Chi-square test for independence to assess differences by demographics.

The survey was completed by 1,131 adults (mean age 36 ± 15 years; n = 876 [78%] female; n = 661 [78%] NZ European/other; n = 210 [19%] Asian; n =164 [15%] Māori). In addition, 865 participants (83%) knew the primary dietary source of salt; 406 (40%) knew the recommended salt intake; 946 (95%) believed food manufacturers are responsible for sodium reduction; 563 (55%) supported government regulations; and 259 (26%) used food labels. Females and NZ European/other participants reported more favorable salt-reducing behaviors, such as avoiding fast-food and packaged, ready-to-eat foods (P < 0.001).

Improving salt-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in NZ is particularly important for men, underserved populations, and adults aged 45-65 years. A multicomponent, national NZ salt reduction program based on research addressing engagement and effectiveness for at-risk groups is warranted.