Cross-session SSVEP brainprint recognition using attentive multi-sub-band depth identity embedding learning network

Brainprint recognition technology, regarded as a promising biometric technology, encounters challenges stemming from the time-varied, low signal-to-noise ratio of brain signals, such as electroencephalogram (EEG). Steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP) exhibit high signal-to-noise ratio and frequency locking, making them a promising paradigm for brainprint recognition. Consequently, the extraction of time-invariant identity information from SSVEP EEG signals is essential. In this paper, we propose an Attentive Multi-sub-band Depth Identity Embedding Learning Network for stable cross-session SSVEP brainprint recognition. To address the issue of low recognition accuracy across sessions, we introduce the Sub-band Attentive Frequency mechanism, which integrates the frequency-domain relevant characteristics of the SSVEP paradigm and focuses on exploring depth-frequency identity embedding information. Also, we employ Attentive Statistic Pooling to enhance the stability of frequency domain feature distributions across sessions. Extensive experimentation and validation were conducted on two multi-session SSVEP benchmark datasets. The experimental results show that our approach outperforms other state-of-art models on 2-second samples across sessions and has the potential to serve as a benchmark in multi-subject biometric recognition systems.