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Non-ohmic Devices00:51

Non-ohmic Devices

1.0K
In most substances, the current flow is proportional to the voltage applied to it. A simple relationship between the values of current, voltage, and resistance is known as Ohm's law. Nonohmic devices do not exhibit a linear relationship between voltage and current. One such device is the semiconducting circuit element known as a diode. A diode is a circuit device that allows current flow in only one direction.
Consider a simple circuit consisting of a battery, a diode, and a resistor. A...
1.0K
Semiconductors01:22

Semiconductors

569
There is variation in the electrical conductivity of materials - metals, semiconductors, and insulators that are showcased with the help of the energy band diagrams.
Metals such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), or lead (Pb) have low resistivity and feature conduction bands that are either not fully occupied or overlap with the valence band, making a bandgap non-existent. This allows electrons in the highest energy levels of the valence band to easily transition to the conduction band upon gaining...
569
Ampere-Maxwell's Law: Problem-Solving01:17

Ampere-Maxwell's Law: Problem-Solving

531
A parallel-plate capacitor with capacitance C, whose plates have area A and separation distance d, is connected to a resistor R and a battery of voltage V. The current starts to flow at t = 0. What is the displacement current between the capacitor plates at time t? From the properties of the capacitor, what is the corresponding real current?
To solve the problem, we can use the equations from the analysis of an RC circuit and Maxwell's version of Ampère's law.
For the first part of...
531
Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit01:20

Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit

691
In integrated circuit technology, a capacitance multiplier is often utilized to produce a larger capacitance value when a small physical capacitance falls short. This is achieved by a circuit that multiplies capacitance values by a factor of up to 1000, such that a 10-pF capacitor can replicate the performance of a 100-nF capacitor.
The circuit illustrated in Figure 1 below incorporates two op-amps, with the first operating as a voltage follower and the second acting as an inverting amplifier.
691
Clamper Circuit01:14

Clamper Circuit

359
A clamper circuit, also known as a DC restorer, represents a specialized variant of the rectifier circuit, notable for its method of taking the output across the diode rather than the capacitor. This configuration lends to several distinctive applications, particularly in handling square wave inputs.
Within this circuit, the diode's orientation prompts the capacitor to charge up to the level of the most negative peak of the input signal. Upon reaching this state, the diode ceases to...
359
PD Controller: Design01:26

PD Controller: Design

180
In automotive engineering, car suspension systems often employ Proportional Derivative (PD) controllers to enhance performance. PD controllers are utilized to adjust the damping force in response to road conditions. A controller, acting as an amplifier with a constant gain, demonstrates proportional control, with output directly mirroring input.
Designing a continuous-data controller requires selecting and linking components like adders and integrators, which are fundamental in Proportional,...
180

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Updated: Jun 2, 2025

Assembly and Characterization of Biomolecular Memristors Consisting of Ion Channel-doped Lipid Membranes
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Assessing Design Space for the Device-Circuit Codesign of Nonvolatile Memory-Based Compute-in-Memory Accelerators.

Ashwin Sanjay Lele1, Bo Zhang1, Win-San Khwa2

  • 1Corporate Research, TSMC, San Jose, California 95134, United States.

Nano Letters
|January 13, 2025
PubMed
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New nonvolatile memory (NVM) devices enhance artificial intelligence (AI) hardware. Optimal NVM device resistances are crucial for accurate and efficient compute-in-memory (CIM) chip performance, guiding future electronic hardware innovations.

Keywords:
MRAMPCMRRAMcompute-in-memorynonvolatile memory

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Area of Science:

  • * Exploration of advanced electronic hardware for artificial intelligence (AI) applications.
  • * Focus on nonvolatile memory (NVM) devices and compute-in-memory (CIM) architectures.

Background:

  • * Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms are driving innovation in electronic hardware.
  • * Nonvolatile memory (NVM) devices offer advantages in density and data retention.
  • * Compute-in-memory (CIM) architectures integrate computation with AI model storage for energy efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To assess the impact of NVM device resistance on accuracy and circuit performance in CIM chips.
  • * To provide recommendations for device engineers to optimize device-circuit-system interactions.
  • * To review challenges in NVM device programming and benchmark existing NVM-CIM chips.

Main Methods:

  • * Literature review of NVM devices and CIM architectures.
  • * Analytical modeling to determine optimal device resistance bounds.
  • * Benchmarking of recent NVM-CIM chip performance.

Main Results:

  • * High resistance ratio and low variability in NVM devices are favored for optimal performance.
  • * The low resistance state of NVM devices is constrained by accuracy and circuit performance requirements.
  • * Device resistance directly influences the performance and design decisions for NVM-CIM chips.

Conclusions:

  • * Frictionless device-circuit-system interactions are achievable through optimized NVM device characteristics.
  • * Understanding resistance bounds is critical for designing high-performance NVM-CIM chips.
  • * Future research should focus on reliable NVM device programming and advanced CIM architectures.