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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Moral Psychology
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Resource rational contractualism theory suggests moral decisions involve approximations of ideal negotiation due to resource limitations.
  • Moral psychology may employ a spectrum of mechanisms, balancing accuracy with resource demands.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To empirically test the claim that higher stakes trigger more resource-intensive decision-making processes.
  • To investigate cognitive models of moral decision-making under varying resource constraints.

Main Methods:

  • Participants evaluated scenarios using either virtual bargaining (resource-intensive) or a standard rule (less intensive).
  • Behavioral data was analyzed to identify decision-making strategies across different stakes.
  • A cognitive model was developed to assess the resource-rational hypothesis.

Main Results:

  • Approximately one-third of participants flexibly employed resource-rational strategies, using virtual bargaining for high-stakes and rules for low-stakes situations.
  • One-third consistently used rule-based approaches, while another third consistently used virtual bargaining.
  • Models supporting the reverse hypothesis (resource-intensive for low stakes) did not fit the observed data.

Conclusions:

  • Empirical evidence supports the resource-rational contractualism model, demonstrating adaptive cognitive strategies in moral decision-making.
  • Human moral psychology flexibly allocates cognitive resources, prioritizing accuracy in high-stakes scenarios.
  • Individual differences exist, with some participants consistently favoring rule-based or bargaining approaches.