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Related Concept Videos

The Aorta01:14

The Aorta

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The aorta is the largest artery in the human body. It originates from the left ventricle of the heart and extends down to the abdomen, where it splits into two smaller arteries. Structurally, it can be divided into four main parts: the ascending aorta, the aortic arch, the thoracic aorta, and the abdominal aorta.
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The regulation of stroke volume, which is the amount of blood the heart pumps out during each heartbeat, is critical for maintaining a healthy circulatory system. Stroke volume is influenced by three main factors: preload, contractility, and afterload.
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Cardiac output (CO), the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, is a parameter in cardiovascular physiology determined by stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume, the amount of blood pushed from one of the ventricles per heartbeat, is influenced by preload, afterload, and contractility.
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Updated: Jun 1, 2025

A Model of Cardiac Remodeling Through Constriction of the Abdominal Aorta in Rats
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Determinants of Trunk Muscle Size Decrease in Patients with Type B Acute Aortic Dissection.

Keiichi Tsuchida1, Norihito Oyanagi1, Komei Tanaka1

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Niigata City General Hospital.

International Heart Journal
|January 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Trunk muscle loss in acute aortic dissection (AAD) patients is linked to inflammation and larger false lumen size. This finding highlights key factors contributing to muscle decrease in AAD.

Keywords:
Acute aortic syndromeInflammatory responsePsoas muscle areaRehabilitation programSarcopenia

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Radiology
  • Muscle Physiology

Background:

  • Trunk muscle wasting is linked to poor health outcomes.
  • Acute aortic dissection (AAD) triggers inflammation and muscle breakdown.
  • Prolonged hospitalization in AAD can worsen muscle loss.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between trunk muscle decrease and clinical factors in type B AAD patients.
  • To identify predictors of significant psoas muscle area decline in AAD.

Main Methods:

  • Calculated psoas-lumbar vertebral index (PLVI) from CT scans in 141 type B AAD patients.
  • Monitored PLVI changes over 30 days using serial CT scans.
  • Correlated PLVI decrease with C-reactive protein (CRP) and false lumen (FL) diameter.

Main Results:

  • A large PLVI decrease correlated with higher peak CRP and larger FL diameter.
  • Higher peak CRP and larger FL diameter predicted significant PLVI decrease.
  • Patients with large PLVI decrease showed trends towards longer ambulation times and hospital stays.

Conclusions:

  • Larger false lumen and heightened inflammation contribute to trunk muscle decrease in type B AAD.
  • PLVI is a potential indicator of muscle wasting severity in AAD patients.
  • Further research can explore interventions to mitigate muscle loss in AAD.