Vitamin K: Calcium Metabolism Modulator for Menopausal Women

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry
• Nutritional Science
• Preventive Medicine

Background:

• Vitamin K (VitK) encompasses multiple forms, primarily Vitamin K1 (VitK1) and Vitamin K2 (VitK2).
• VitK1 is essential for hepatic clotting factor synthesis, while VitK2 activates extrahepatic proteins vital for diverse physiological functions.
• VitK influences vascular health, bone metabolism, neuroprotection, and immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the physiological functions of VitK2, focusing on its role in calcium metabolism and overall health.
• To discuss the significance of adequate VitK intake and supplementation.
• To highlight the importance of VitK2 supplementation due to its limited presence in Western diets.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing studies on Vitamin K functions.
• Analysis of the role of VitK2 in activating matrix Gla protein and osteocalcin.
• Synthesis of evidence on the health benefits of VitK2 supplementation.

Main Results:

• VitK2 activation of matrix Gla protein and osteocalcin inhibits vascular calcification and promotes bone mineralization.
• VitK2 supplementation demonstrates efficacy in countering vascular calcification and enhancing bone density.
• Additional benefits include neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects.

Conclusions:

• Adequate intake of VitK, particularly VitK2, is essential for preventive healthcare.
• VitK2 supplementation is crucial for preventing osteoporosis and vascular diseases.
• Incorporating sufficient VitK2 intake supports overall well-being, with specific relevance for menopausal women.