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Precipitation Titration: Endpoint Detection Methods

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In argentometric precipitation titrations, endpoints can be detected visually by the Mohr, Volhard, and Fajans methods. In the Mohr method, adding a soluble chromate indicator gives an initial yellow color to the analyte solution. As the titrant is added, the first excess of silver ions forms a red silver chromate precipitate, marking the endpoint. The solution pH should be maintained at about 8 by adding solid CaCO3.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2025

Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals

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Published on: May 29, 2018

Liquid crystal sensor for Cr(III)-citrate detection via interfacial coagulation.

Yung-Jung Chuang¹, Rajib Nandi¹, Chih-Hsin Chen¹

¹Department of Chemistry, Tamkang University, New Taipei City, 25137, Taiwan.

Analytica Chimica Acta

|January 20, 2025

Summary

A new liquid crystal (LC) sensor detects toxic trivalent chromium (Cr(III))-citrate in water. This simple, cost-effective method offers high selectivity and a low detection limit for environmental monitoring.

Keywords:

Amphiphilic ligand Cr(III)-citrate detection Environmental monitoring Interfacial coagulation Liquid crystal sensor

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Last Updated: Jun 1, 2025

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Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Analytical Chemistry
Materials Science

Background:

Trivalent chromium (Cr(III)) and its carboxyl complexes pose significant environmental and health risks.
These toxic compounds are difficult to detect and remove in wastewater treatment.
There is a need for simple, cost-effective, and reliable detection methods for Cr(III).

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel liquid crystal (LC)-based sensor for detecting Cr(III)-citrate.
To provide a simple and effective analytical technique for environmental monitoring.
To demonstrate the potential of LC sensors for detecting metal ion complexes.

Main Methods:

Utilized a liquid crystal (LC) matrix doped with tributylhexadecylphosphonium bromide (THPB).
Employed polarized optical microscopy to observe optical state transitions.
Investigated electrostatic interactions between THPB and Cr(III)-citrate.

Main Results:

The THPB-doped LC sensor showed a distinct dark-to-bright optical transition in the presence of Cr(III)-citrate.
The sensor exhibited high selectivity for Cr(III)-citrate over other ions and complexes.
Achieved a low detection limit of 5 μM for Cr(III)-citrate, below regulatory limits.

Conclusions:

The developed LC sensor offers a simple, instrument-free method for Cr(III)-citrate detection.
This sensor is suitable for on-site environmental monitoring and assessment.
LC-based sensors have broad potential for monitoring various metal ion complexes in the environment.