Ganglioside-incorporating lipid nanoparticles as a polyethylene glycol-free mRNA delivery platform

Incorporation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) is widely used in lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulation in order to achieve adequate stability due to its stealth properties. However, studies have detected the presence of anti-PEG neutralizing antibodies after PEGylated LNP treatment, which are associated with anaphylaxis, accelerated LNP clearance and premature release of cargo. Here, we report the development of LNPs incorporating ganglioside, a naturally occurring stealth lipid, as a PEG-free alternative. Physicochemical characterization showed that ganglioside-LNPs exhibited superior stability throughout prolonged cold storage compared to stealth-free LNPs, preventing particle aggregation. Additionally, there was no significant change in particle size after serum incubation, indicating the ability of ganglioside to prevent unwanted serum protein adsorption. These results exemplify the effective stealth properties of ganglioside. Furthermore, ganglioside-LNPs exhibited significantly higher mRNA transfection in vivo after intravenous administration compared to stealth-free LNPs. The ability of ganglioside to confer excellent stealth properties to LNPs while still enabling in vivo mRNA expression makes it a promising candidate as a natural substitute for immunogenic PEG in mRNA-LNP delivery platforms, contributing to the future advancement of gene therapy.